Amarantus Bioscience Holdings, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company. The Company is focused on developing therapeutic product candidates in the areas of neurology, psychiatry, ophthalmology and regenerative medicine. The Company owns or has licenses to various product candidates in the biopharmaceutical healthcare industry. It has acquired the rights to the engineered skin substitute program (ESS), a regenerative medicine-based approach for treating severe burns with full-thickness autologous skin grown in tissue culture that is being pursued by Company’s wholly owned subsidiary Cutanogen Corporation. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary MANF Therapeutics, Inc. owns intellectual property rights and licenses from a number of prominent universities related to the development of the therapeutic protein known as mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF). MANF Therapeutics, Inc. is developing MANF-based products as treatments for ophthalmological disorders.